Immunosenescence, inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease

Longevity & Healthspan

Table 1 Modifications of T-cell and B-cell systems in older humans

T cells and B cells or B-cell products	Lymphocyte subpopulations	Change	Reference
CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺	Total T cells, T helper cells,	Decrease	[9]
(percentage and absolute number)	cytotoxic T lymphocytes		[14]
CD3⁺CD45RA⁺CD62L⁺	Naïve T cells	Decrease	[10]
(percentage)			[11]
			[12]
			[13]
CD8⁺CD28^-	Effector T cells	Increase	[10]
(percentage)			[11]
			[12]
			[13]
CD19⁺	Total B cells	Decrease	[24]
(percentage and absolute number)			[25]
			[16]
			[17]
			[18]
CD19⁺CD5⁺	B1 cells	Decrease	[15]
(percentage and absolute number)
CD19⁺IgD⁺CD27^–	Naïve B cells	Decrease	[19]
(percentage)
CD19⁺IgD^-CD27^–	Double Negative B cells	Increase	[19]
(percentage)			[24]
			[20]
IgG, IgA		Increase	[21]
		No change	[22]
IgD, IgM		Decrease	[21]
IgE		No change	[21]
(after specific immunization)			[22]
		Decrease	[23]
Autoantibodies		Increase	[27]
			[26]